Showing posts with label Asia. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Asia. Show all posts
Singapore, Asia
Singapore (also called the Lion City), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a Southeast Asian city-state off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, 137 kilometres (85 mi) north of the equator. An island country made up of 63 islands, it is separated from Malaysia by the Straits of Johor to its north and from Indonesia's Riau Islands by the Singapore Strait to its south. Singapore is highly urbanised but almost half of the country is covered by greenery. More land is being created for development through land reclamation.
Singapore had been a part of various local empires since it was first inhabited in the second century AD. It hosted a trading post of the East India Company in 1819 with permission from the Sultanate of Johor. The British obtained sovereignty over the island in 1824 and Singapore became one of the British Straits Settlements in 1826. Singapore was occupied by the Japanese in World War II and reverted to British rule after the war. It became internally self-governing in 1959. Singapore united with other former British territories to form Malaysia in 1963 and became a fully independent state two years later after separation from Malaysia. Since then it has had a massive increase in wealth, and is one of the Four Asian Tigers. The economy heavily depends on the industry and service sectors. Singapore is a world leader in several areas, it is the world's fourth leading financial centre, the world's second biggest casino gambling market, the world's top three oil refining centre. The port of Singapore is one of the five busiest ports in the world. The country is home to more US dollar millionaire households per capita than any other country. The World Bank notes Singapore as the easiest place in the world to do business.
Singapore is a parliamentary republic with a Westminster system of unicameral parliamentary government. The People's Action Party (PAP) has won every election since the British grant of internal self-government in 1959. The legal system of Singapore has its foundations in the English common law system, but modifications have been made to it over the years, such as the removal of trial by jury. The PAP's popular image is that of a strong, experienced and highly qualified government, backed by a skilled Civil Service and an education system with an emphasis on achievement and meritocracy; but it is perceived by some voters, opposition critics and international observers as being authoritarian and too restrictive on individual freedom.
Some 5 million people live in Singapore, of whom 2.91 million were born locally. Most are of Chinese, Malay or Indian descent. There are four official languages: English, Chinese, Malay and Tamil. One of the five founding members of the Association of South East Asian Nations, Singapore also hosts the APEC Secretariat, and is a member of the East Asia Summit, the Non-Aligned Movement, and the Commonwealth.
Racial and religious harmony is regarded by the government as a crucial part of Singapore's success and played a part in building a Singaporean identity. Due to the many races and cultures in the country, there is no single set of culturally acceptable behaviours. The country is generally conservative socially but some liberalisation has occurred. Foreigners also make up 42% of the population and have a strong influence on Singaporean culture. A.T. Kearney named Singapore the most globalised country in the world in 2006 in its Globalization Index. The Economist Intelligence Unit in its "Quality-of-Life Index" ranks Singapore as having the best quality of life in Asia and eleventh overall in the world. Writer and explorer Dan Buettner named Singapore one of the happiest places on Earth in his book Thrive.
Singapore is a major international transportation hub in Asia, positioned on many sea and air trade routes. The Port of Singapore, managed by port operators PSA International and Jurong Port, was the world's second busiest port in 2005 in terms of shipping tonnage handled, at 1.15 billion gross tons, and in terms of containerised traffic, at 23.2 million twenty-foot equivalent units (TEUs). It is also the world's second busiest in terms of cargo tonnage, coming behind Shanghai with 423 million tons handled. In addition, the port is the world's busiest for transshipment traffic and the world's biggest ship refuelling centre.
Singapore is an aviation hub for the Southeast Asian region and a stopover on the Kangaroo route between Sydney and London. There are 8 total airports in the country and Singapore Changi Airport hosts a network of 80 airlines connecting Singapore to 200 cities in 68 countries. It has been rated one of the best international airports by international travel magazines, including being rated as the world's best airport for the first time in 2006 by Skytrax. The national airline is Singapore Airlines.
The island has a road system covering 3,356 kilometres (2,085 mi) which includes 161 kilometres (100 mi) of expressways. The public road system is served by many bus servicesand a number of licensed taxi-operating companies, and thousands of people use these services every day. Since 1987, the heavy rail passenger Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) metro system has been in operation.
Izmir - Turkey, Asia
Izmir (Turkish: İzmir) is a large metropolis in the western extremity of Anatolia. The metropolitan area in the entire Izmir Province had a population of 3.35 million as of 2010, making the city third most populous in Turkey. Izmir metropolitan area extends along the outlying waters of the Gulf of İzmir and inland to the north across Gediz River's delta, to the east along an alluvial plain created by several small streams and to a slightly more rugged terrain in the south. The ancient city was known as Smyrna, and the city was generally referred to as Smyrna in English translation until about 1930.
The city of Izmir is composed of several metropolitan districts. Of these, Konak district corresponds to historical Izmir, this district's area having constituted the "Izmir Municipality" (Turkish: İzmir Belediyesi) area until 1984, Konak until then having been a name for a central neighborhood around Konak Square, still the core of the city. With the constitution of the "Greater Izmir Metropolitan Municipality" (Turkish: İzmir Büyükşehir Belediyesi), the city of Izmir became a compound bringing together initially nine, and since recently eleven metropolitan districts, namely Balçova, Bayraklı, Bornova, Buca, Çiğli, Gaziemir, Güzelbahçe, Karabağlar, Karşıyaka, Konak and Narlıdere. Almost each of these settlements are former district centers or neighborhoods which stood on their own and with their own distinct features and temperament. In an ongoing processus, the Mayor of Izmir was also vested with authority over the areas of additional districts reaching from Aliağa in the north to Selçuk in the south, bringing the number of districts to be considered as being part of Izmir to twenty-one under the new arrangements, two of these having been administratively included in Izmir only partially.
İzmir has almost 3,500 years of recorded urban history and possibly even longer as an advanced human settlement. Lying on an advantageous location at the head of a gulf running down in a deep indentation midway on the western Anatolian coast, the city has been one of the principal mercantile cities of the Mediterranean Sea for much of its history. Its port is Turkey's primary port for exports in terms of the freight handled and its free zone, a Turkish-U.S. joint-venture established in 1990, is the leader among the twenty in Turkey. Its workforce, and particularly its rising class of young professionals, concentrated either in the city or in its immediate vicinity (such as in Manisa and Turgutlu), and under either larger companies or SMEs, affirm their name in an increasingly wider global scale and intensity. İzmir is widely regarded as one of the most progressive Turkish cities in terms of its values, lifestyle, dynamism and gender roles. Politically, it is considered a stronghold of the Republican People's Party.
The city hosts an international arts festival during June and July, and the İzmir International Fair, one of the city's many fair and exhibition events centered around but not limited to Kültürpark, is held in the beginning of September every year. İzmir is served by national and international flights through the Adnan Menderes International Airport and there is a modern metro line running from the southwest to the northeast. İzmir hosted the Mediterranean Games in 1971 and the World University Games (Universiade) in 2005. It had a running bid submitted to the BIE to host the Universal Expo 2015, in March, 2008, that was lost to Milan. Modern İzmir also incorporates the nearby ancient cities of Ephesus, Pergamon, Sardis and Klazomenai, and centers of international tourism such as Kuşadası, Çeşme, Mordoğan and Foça.
Despite its heritage, İzmir has suffered until recently, as one author puts it, from "sketchy understanding" in the eyes of outsiders. When the Ottomans took over İzmir in the 15th century, they did not inherit compelling historical memories, unlike the two other keys of the trade network, namely Istanbul and Aleppo. Its emergence as a major international port as of the 17th century was largely a result of the attraction it exercised over foreigners, and the city's European orientation. Very different people found İzmir attractive over the ages and the city has always been governed by fresh inspirations which stemmed from the location of its center and the readiness of its citizens to adopt novelties and new projects.
İzmir prides itself with its busy schedule of trade fairs, exhibitions and congresses. İzmir International Fair (IEF), the oldest member from Turkey of the International Union of Fairs is held every year in August–September at Kültürpark, which covers an area of 421,000 m² in the heart of the city with open-air theatres, the Painting and Sculpture Museum, art centers, amusement park, zoo, parachute tower, and other amenities. Aside from this main event, which acts as a central theme for many other secondary events, there are numerous others throughout the year. In 2007, for example, 35 national or international fairs and exhibitions were held in İzmir around the year and in relation to different areas of activity. These fairs have made great contributions to İzmir's social and cultural life.
İzmir has a typical Mediterranean climate which is characterized by long, hot and dry summers; and mild to cool, rainy winters. The total precipitation for İzmir averages 706 mm (27.8 inches) per year; however, 77% of that falls during November through March. The rest of the precipitation falls during April through May and September through October. There is virtually no rainfall during the months of June, July and August.
The average maximum temperatures during the winter months vary between the low-to-mid 10 °C (50 °F). Although it is rare, snow can fall in İzmir in December, January and February staying for a period of hours rather than a whole day or more. During summer, the air temperature can climb as high as 40 °C (104 °F) in July and August, however the average maximum temperatures ranges between the low-to-mid 30 °C (86 °F).
The annual International Izmir Festival, which begins in mid-June and continues until mid-July, has been organized since 1987. During the festival, many world-class performers such as soloists and virtuosi, orchestras, dance companies, rock and jazz groups including Ray Charles, Paco de Lucia, Joan Baez, Martha Graham Dance Company, Tanita Tikaram, Jethro Tull, Leningrad Philarmonic Orchestra, Chris De Burgh, Sting, Moscow State Philharmonic Orchestra, Jan Garbarek, Red Army Chorus, Academy of St Martin in the Fields, Kodo, Chick Corea and Origin, New York City Ballet, Nigel Kennedy, Bryan Adams, James Brown, Elton John, Anathema, Kiri Te Kanawa, Mikhail Barishnikov and Josep Carreras have given recitals and performances at various venues in the city and its surrounding areas; including the ancient theatres at Ephesus and Metropolis (an ancient Ionian city situated near the town of Torbalı.) The festival is a member of the European Festivals Association since 2003.
İzmir is served by national and international flights through the Adnan Menderes International Airport and there is a modern rapid transit line running from the southwest to the northeast. The city is trying to attract investors through its strategic location and its relatively new and highly developed technological infrastructure in transportation, telecommunications and energy.
The city of Izmir is composed of several metropolitan districts. Of these, Konak district corresponds to historical Izmir, this district's area having constituted the "Izmir Municipality" (Turkish: İzmir Belediyesi) area until 1984, Konak until then having been a name for a central neighborhood around Konak Square, still the core of the city. With the constitution of the "Greater Izmir Metropolitan Municipality" (Turkish: İzmir Büyükşehir Belediyesi), the city of Izmir became a compound bringing together initially nine, and since recently eleven metropolitan districts, namely Balçova, Bayraklı, Bornova, Buca, Çiğli, Gaziemir, Güzelbahçe, Karabağlar, Karşıyaka, Konak and Narlıdere. Almost each of these settlements are former district centers or neighborhoods which stood on their own and with their own distinct features and temperament. In an ongoing processus, the Mayor of Izmir was also vested with authority over the areas of additional districts reaching from Aliağa in the north to Selçuk in the south, bringing the number of districts to be considered as being part of Izmir to twenty-one under the new arrangements, two of these having been administratively included in Izmir only partially.
İzmir has almost 3,500 years of recorded urban history and possibly even longer as an advanced human settlement. Lying on an advantageous location at the head of a gulf running down in a deep indentation midway on the western Anatolian coast, the city has been one of the principal mercantile cities of the Mediterranean Sea for much of its history. Its port is Turkey's primary port for exports in terms of the freight handled and its free zone, a Turkish-U.S. joint-venture established in 1990, is the leader among the twenty in Turkey. Its workforce, and particularly its rising class of young professionals, concentrated either in the city or in its immediate vicinity (such as in Manisa and Turgutlu), and under either larger companies or SMEs, affirm their name in an increasingly wider global scale and intensity. İzmir is widely regarded as one of the most progressive Turkish cities in terms of its values, lifestyle, dynamism and gender roles. Politically, it is considered a stronghold of the Republican People's Party.
The city hosts an international arts festival during June and July, and the İzmir International Fair, one of the city's many fair and exhibition events centered around but not limited to Kültürpark, is held in the beginning of September every year. İzmir is served by national and international flights through the Adnan Menderes International Airport and there is a modern metro line running from the southwest to the northeast. İzmir hosted the Mediterranean Games in 1971 and the World University Games (Universiade) in 2005. It had a running bid submitted to the BIE to host the Universal Expo 2015, in March, 2008, that was lost to Milan. Modern İzmir also incorporates the nearby ancient cities of Ephesus, Pergamon, Sardis and Klazomenai, and centers of international tourism such as Kuşadası, Çeşme, Mordoğan and Foça.
Despite its heritage, İzmir has suffered until recently, as one author puts it, from "sketchy understanding" in the eyes of outsiders. When the Ottomans took over İzmir in the 15th century, they did not inherit compelling historical memories, unlike the two other keys of the trade network, namely Istanbul and Aleppo. Its emergence as a major international port as of the 17th century was largely a result of the attraction it exercised over foreigners, and the city's European orientation. Very different people found İzmir attractive over the ages and the city has always been governed by fresh inspirations which stemmed from the location of its center and the readiness of its citizens to adopt novelties and new projects.
İzmir prides itself with its busy schedule of trade fairs, exhibitions and congresses. İzmir International Fair (IEF), the oldest member from Turkey of the International Union of Fairs is held every year in August–September at Kültürpark, which covers an area of 421,000 m² in the heart of the city with open-air theatres, the Painting and Sculpture Museum, art centers, amusement park, zoo, parachute tower, and other amenities. Aside from this main event, which acts as a central theme for many other secondary events, there are numerous others throughout the year. In 2007, for example, 35 national or international fairs and exhibitions were held in İzmir around the year and in relation to different areas of activity. These fairs have made great contributions to İzmir's social and cultural life.
İzmir has a typical Mediterranean climate which is characterized by long, hot and dry summers; and mild to cool, rainy winters. The total precipitation for İzmir averages 706 mm (27.8 inches) per year; however, 77% of that falls during November through March. The rest of the precipitation falls during April through May and September through October. There is virtually no rainfall during the months of June, July and August.
The average maximum temperatures during the winter months vary between the low-to-mid 10 °C (50 °F). Although it is rare, snow can fall in İzmir in December, January and February staying for a period of hours rather than a whole day or more. During summer, the air temperature can climb as high as 40 °C (104 °F) in July and August, however the average maximum temperatures ranges between the low-to-mid 30 °C (86 °F).
The annual International Izmir Festival, which begins in mid-June and continues until mid-July, has been organized since 1987. During the festival, many world-class performers such as soloists and virtuosi, orchestras, dance companies, rock and jazz groups including Ray Charles, Paco de Lucia, Joan Baez, Martha Graham Dance Company, Tanita Tikaram, Jethro Tull, Leningrad Philarmonic Orchestra, Chris De Burgh, Sting, Moscow State Philharmonic Orchestra, Jan Garbarek, Red Army Chorus, Academy of St Martin in the Fields, Kodo, Chick Corea and Origin, New York City Ballet, Nigel Kennedy, Bryan Adams, James Brown, Elton John, Anathema, Kiri Te Kanawa, Mikhail Barishnikov and Josep Carreras have given recitals and performances at various venues in the city and its surrounding areas; including the ancient theatres at Ephesus and Metropolis (an ancient Ionian city situated near the town of Torbalı.) The festival is a member of the European Festivals Association since 2003.
İzmir is served by national and international flights through the Adnan Menderes International Airport and there is a modern rapid transit line running from the southwest to the northeast. The city is trying to attract investors through its strategic location and its relatively new and highly developed technological infrastructure in transportation, telecommunications and energy.
Amritsar - India - Asia
Amritsar
(previously also known as 'Ramdaspur' and 'Guru ki Nagri') is a city in the
northern part of India and is the administrative headquarters of Amritsar
district in the state of Punjab, India. The 2001 Indian census reported the
population of the city to be over 1,500,000, with that of the entire district
numbering 3,695,077. Amritsar is situated 217 kilometres (135 mi) northwest of
state capital Chandigarh and is 32 kilometres (20 mi) east of Lahore, Pakistan
and therefore, very close to India's western border with Pakistan.
It is home to the Harmandir Sahib (referred as the Golden Temple to western media), the spiritual and cultural center of the Sikh religion. This important Sikh shrine attracts more visitors than the Taj Mahal with more than 100,000 visitors on week days alone and is the number one destination for Non-resident Indians (NRI) in the whole of India.
The city boasts of being the main centre of Sikhs' cultural, religious and political history, it also houses the Sikh temporal and political authority, Akal Takht as well as the Sikh Parliament. Amritsar is also known for the tragical incidents of Jallianwala Bagh Massacre in 1919 under British Rule and Operation Bluestar in 1984 under the dictatorship of late Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi in which thousands of innocent Sikhs lost their lives. The main commercial activities include tourism, carpets and fabrics, farm produce, handicrafts, service trades and light engineering. The city is known for its rich cuisine and culture. Amritsar is also home to Central Khalsa Orphanage, which was once a home to Shaheed Udham Singh, a prominent figure in the Indian independence movement.
Amritsar city is one of the cities of the Punjab state in India. This city was founded by the fourth Sikh Guru, Guru Ram Das in 1574 on land bought by him for 700 rupees from the owners of the village of Tung. Earlier Guru Ram Das had begun building Santokhsar Sarovar, near the village of Sultanwind in 1564. It could not be completed before 1588. In 1574, Guru Ram Das built his residence and moved to this place. At that time, it was known as Guru Ki Nagri. (Later, it came to be known as Ramdaspur)
Amritsar is dominated by the history of Sikhs and many of their sacred shrines are found in and around the city. It was established by Guru Ramdas. The city has one of the most prominent Shrine of Sikhs "The Harimandir Sahib" popularly known as Golden Temple. Amritsar's central walled city has narrow zig zag streets mostly developed in the 17th and 18th century. The city is a peculiar example of an introverted planning system wit unique areas called Katras. The Katras are self styled residential units that provided unique defence system during attacks on the city. The city was attacked numerous times during the 18th century mainly by Afghan invaders as it was considered the spiritual centre of Sikhs.
The city lies on the main Grand Trunk Road, a well laid medieval Highway that runs through the whole of the northern half of the Indian subcontinentfrom Bangladesh to Delhi then passing through Amritsar connecting it to Lahore in Pakistan and kabul in Afghanistan. The city is also connected to most other major cities such as New Delhi, Mumbai, Calcutta by an extensive network of rail system. The city also provides air connectivity to major Indian cities, as well as international cities such as Toronto, Dubai, Singapore, London from its airport, Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport. The airport is being developed for increasing demand in future; a new International inbound & outbound terminal is operational and cargo terminal is also under construction. The city is the administrative center for the Amritsar District. Amritsar was developed from a small pool in a dense forest to the largest commercial center in the northwestern indian subcontinent, a position it retained till the partition of indian in 1947. However, it did grew much afterwards to become the industrial center of india owing to its proximity to the volatile Indo-Pak border.
Amritsar is well known for its food. Dhabas such as Bhrawan da Dhaba and Kesar da Dhaba are extremely popular with locals and tourists.
Amritsar's international airport, Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport, has more than 200 domestic and international flights during the week with daily connections to Delhi, Chandigarh and Jammu in India and international flights to Tehraan, Frankfurt (Mahan Air), Doha Qatar Airways,Ashgabat Turkmenistan Airlines,Tashkent Uzbekistan Airways. There are also flights to London, England and Toronto, Canada.
Amritsar is well connected by rail to almost all major cities in India such as Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad, Kochi, Thiruvananthapuram, Indore, Bhopal, Agra, Gwalior, Jabalpur, Ujjain, Ahmedabad, Pune, Chandigarh etc. Amritsar Railway Station is the main terminal station. There is a special train that runs west to Wagah (Attari Border), which is the last station on the border in India before continuing on to Pakistan.
Indian Railways has proposed a high speed rail line to serve Delhi-Amritsar via Chandigarh and Ambala. The train is to run at high speeds of 350 km/h, second only in India to the Bhopal Shatabdi Express. It will travel the 445 km between the two cities in 2.5 hours (compared to the current time of 5 hours). Companies from Japan, China, UK and Canada have expressed an interest in the project. The contract for building the line were to be awarded at the end of May 2008. Other lines of this kind have proposed in Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Pune, and Kolkata.
Amritsar is located on the historic Grand Trunk Road (G.T Road), also known as National Highway 1, and therefore very well connected to the road network. Daily bus services run to and from Ambala, Delhi, Chandigarh and Jammu. Rs 450 crores is being spent to expand the Amritsar-Jalandhar stretch of G.T. Road to four lanes. In 2010, elevated road with four lanes connected to the National highway for better access to the Golden Temple has been started.
For transportation within Amritsar city, rickshaws, autorickshaws, taxis and buses are easily available. Recently, the government of India and Punjab pledged Rs. 2,100 crore for the development of a mass rapid transport system for the city. It is hoped that this will help relieve traffic congestion and improve air quality.
It is home to the Harmandir Sahib (referred as the Golden Temple to western media), the spiritual and cultural center of the Sikh religion. This important Sikh shrine attracts more visitors than the Taj Mahal with more than 100,000 visitors on week days alone and is the number one destination for Non-resident Indians (NRI) in the whole of India.
The city boasts of being the main centre of Sikhs' cultural, religious and political history, it also houses the Sikh temporal and political authority, Akal Takht as well as the Sikh Parliament. Amritsar is also known for the tragical incidents of Jallianwala Bagh Massacre in 1919 under British Rule and Operation Bluestar in 1984 under the dictatorship of late Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi in which thousands of innocent Sikhs lost their lives. The main commercial activities include tourism, carpets and fabrics, farm produce, handicrafts, service trades and light engineering. The city is known for its rich cuisine and culture. Amritsar is also home to Central Khalsa Orphanage, which was once a home to Shaheed Udham Singh, a prominent figure in the Indian independence movement.
Amritsar city is one of the cities of the Punjab state in India. This city was founded by the fourth Sikh Guru, Guru Ram Das in 1574 on land bought by him for 700 rupees from the owners of the village of Tung. Earlier Guru Ram Das had begun building Santokhsar Sarovar, near the village of Sultanwind in 1564. It could not be completed before 1588. In 1574, Guru Ram Das built his residence and moved to this place. At that time, it was known as Guru Ki Nagri. (Later, it came to be known as Ramdaspur)
Amritsar is dominated by the history of Sikhs and many of their sacred shrines are found in and around the city. It was established by Guru Ramdas. The city has one of the most prominent Shrine of Sikhs "The Harimandir Sahib" popularly known as Golden Temple. Amritsar's central walled city has narrow zig zag streets mostly developed in the 17th and 18th century. The city is a peculiar example of an introverted planning system wit unique areas called Katras. The Katras are self styled residential units that provided unique defence system during attacks on the city. The city was attacked numerous times during the 18th century mainly by Afghan invaders as it was considered the spiritual centre of Sikhs.
The city lies on the main Grand Trunk Road, a well laid medieval Highway that runs through the whole of the northern half of the Indian subcontinentfrom Bangladesh to Delhi then passing through Amritsar connecting it to Lahore in Pakistan and kabul in Afghanistan. The city is also connected to most other major cities such as New Delhi, Mumbai, Calcutta by an extensive network of rail system. The city also provides air connectivity to major Indian cities, as well as international cities such as Toronto, Dubai, Singapore, London from its airport, Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport. The airport is being developed for increasing demand in future; a new International inbound & outbound terminal is operational and cargo terminal is also under construction. The city is the administrative center for the Amritsar District. Amritsar was developed from a small pool in a dense forest to the largest commercial center in the northwestern indian subcontinent, a position it retained till the partition of indian in 1947. However, it did grew much afterwards to become the industrial center of india owing to its proximity to the volatile Indo-Pak border.
Amritsar is well known for its food. Dhabas such as Bhrawan da Dhaba and Kesar da Dhaba are extremely popular with locals and tourists.
Amritsar's international airport, Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport, has more than 200 domestic and international flights during the week with daily connections to Delhi, Chandigarh and Jammu in India and international flights to Tehraan, Frankfurt (Mahan Air), Doha Qatar Airways,Ashgabat Turkmenistan Airlines,Tashkent Uzbekistan Airways. There are also flights to London, England and Toronto, Canada.
Amritsar is well connected by rail to almost all major cities in India such as Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad, Kochi, Thiruvananthapuram, Indore, Bhopal, Agra, Gwalior, Jabalpur, Ujjain, Ahmedabad, Pune, Chandigarh etc. Amritsar Railway Station is the main terminal station. There is a special train that runs west to Wagah (Attari Border), which is the last station on the border in India before continuing on to Pakistan.
Indian Railways has proposed a high speed rail line to serve Delhi-Amritsar via Chandigarh and Ambala. The train is to run at high speeds of 350 km/h, second only in India to the Bhopal Shatabdi Express. It will travel the 445 km between the two cities in 2.5 hours (compared to the current time of 5 hours). Companies from Japan, China, UK and Canada have expressed an interest in the project. The contract for building the line were to be awarded at the end of May 2008. Other lines of this kind have proposed in Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Pune, and Kolkata.
Amritsar is located on the historic Grand Trunk Road (G.T Road), also known as National Highway 1, and therefore very well connected to the road network. Daily bus services run to and from Ambala, Delhi, Chandigarh and Jammu. Rs 450 crores is being spent to expand the Amritsar-Jalandhar stretch of G.T. Road to four lanes. In 2010, elevated road with four lanes connected to the National highway for better access to the Golden Temple has been started.
For transportation within Amritsar city, rickshaws, autorickshaws, taxis and buses are easily available. Recently, the government of India and Punjab pledged Rs. 2,100 crore for the development of a mass rapid transport system for the city. It is hoped that this will help relieve traffic congestion and improve air quality.
Istambul - Turkey, Asia
Istanbul (Turkish:
İstanbul), historically
known as Byzantium
and Constantinople
(see names of Istanbul for further information), is the largest city of Turkey. Istanbul
metropolitan province (municipality) had 13.26 million people living
in it as of December, 2010,
which is 18% of Turkey's population and the 3rd largest metropolitan
area in Europe (if its Asian half is counted) after London and Moscow. The city in its administrative
limits had 8.8 million residents counted in the latest Turkish census from
2000. Istanbul is a megacity, as well as the cultural, economic, and financial
centre of Turkey.
It is located on the Bosphorus Strait and encompasses the natural harbour known
as the Golden
Horn, in the northwest of the country. It extends both on the European (Thrace) and on the
Asian (Anatolia)
sides of the Bosphorus,
and is thereby the only metropolis in the world that is situated on two continents.
Istanbul is a designated alpha world city.
During its long history, Istanbul has
served as the capital of the Roman Empire (330–395), the Eastern
Roman (Byzantine) Empire (395–1204 and 1261–1453), the Latin
Empire (1204–1261), and the Ottoman
Empire (1453–1922). When the Republic of Turkey was proclaimed on 29 October
1923, Ankara,
which had previously served as the headquarters of the Turkish national movement during the Turkish War of Independence, was chosen
as the new Turkish State's capital. Istanbul was chosen as a joint European Capital of Culture for 2010
and the European Capital of Sports for 2012. Istanbul is currently bidding to
host the 2020 Summer Olympics. The historic areas of
the city were added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1985.
The city covers 39 districts of the Istanbul
province.
Istanbul
is located in northwestern Turkey within the Marmara
Region on a total area of 5,343 square kilometers (2,063 sq mi). The
Bosphorus,
which connects the Sea of Marmara to the Black Sea,
divides the city into a European side, comprising the historic and economic
centers, and an Asian, Anatolian side; as such, Istanbul is one of the two bi-continental
cities in Turkey among with Çanakkale.
The city is further divided by the Golden Horn,
a natural harbor bounding the peninsula where the former Byzantium and
Constantinople
were founded. In the late-19th century, a wharf was constructed in Galata at the mouth
of the Golden Horn, replacing a sandy beach that once formed part of the
inlet's coastline. The confluence of the Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus, and the
Golden Horn at the heart of present-day Istanbul has deterred attacking forces
for thousands of years and still remains a prominent feature of the city's
landscape.
stanbul has a Mediterranean climate according to the Köppen climate classification system,
although its climate becomes more oceanic
toward the north.
In summer the weather in Istanbul is hot
and humid, with the temperature in July and August averaging 23 °C (73 °F).
Summers are relatively dry, but rainfall is significant during that season.
Extreme heat, however, is uncommon, as temperatures rise above 32 °C
(90 °F) on only five days per year on average. During winter it is cold,
wet and often snowy, with the temperature in January and February averaging 4
°C (39 °F). Snowfalls tend to be heavy, but the snowcover and temperatures
below the freezing point rarely last more than a few days. Spring and autumn
are mild, but are unpredictable and often wet, and can range from chilly to
warm, however the nights are chilly.
The Muslims are by far the largest religious group in Istanbul. Among them, the
Sunnis
form the most populous sect, while a number of the local Muslims are Alevis. In 2007 there
were 2,944 active mosques in Istanbul.
Religious minorities include: Orthodox
Christians, Armenian Christians, Catholic
Levantines, and Sephardic Jews. According to the 2000 census, there
were 2,691 active mosques, 123 active churches and 26 active synagogues in
Istanbul; as well as 109 Muslim cemeteries and 57 non-Muslim cemeteries.Some districts used to have sizeable populations of these ethnic
groups, such as the Kumkapı district, which had a sizeable Armenian
population; the Balat district, which had a sizeable Jewish
population; the Fener
and Samatya
districts, which had a sizeable Greek population; and some neighbourhoods in the Nişantaşı
and Beyoğlu
districts that had sizeable Levantine populations. Very few remain in these districts,
as they either emigrated or moved to other districts. In some quarters, such as
Kuzguncuk,
an Armenian church sits next to a synagogue, and on the other side of the road
a Greek Orthodox church is found beside a mosque.
Istanbul
has two international airports: The larger one is the Atatürk International Airport located
in the Yeşilköy district on the European side, about 24 kilometres
(15 mi) west from the city centre. When it was first built, the airport
was situated at the western edge of the metropolitan area but now lies within
the city bounds. The smaller one is the Sabiha Gökçen International Airport
located in the Kurtköy district on the Asian side, close to the Istanbul
Park GP Racing Circuit. It is situated approximately 20 kilometres
(12 mi) east of the Asian side and 45 kilometres (28 mi) east of the
European city centre.
Hong Kong - People's Republic of China (PRC), Asia
Hong Kong is one of two special
administrative regions (SARs) of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the
other being Macau.
A city-state
situated on China's south
coast and enclosed by the Pearl
River Delta and South China Sea,[
it is renowned for its expansive skyline
and deep natural harbour. With a land mass of 1,104 km2
(426 sq mi) and a population of seven million people, Hong Kong is
one of the most densely
populated areas in the world. Hong Kong's
population is 95 percent ethnic Chinese and 5 percent from other
groups. Hong Kong's Han Chinese majority originate mainly from the cities
of Guangzhou
and Taishan in
the neighbouring Guangdong province.
Hong Kong became a colony of the British
Empire after the First Opium War (1839–42). Originally confined to Hong
Kong Island, the colony's boundaries were extended in stages to the Kowloon
Peninsula in 1860 and then the New
Territories in 1898. It was occupied by Japan during the Pacific War,
after which the British resumed control until 1997, when China resumed sovereignty. The
region espoused minimum government intervention under the ethos of positive non-interventionism during
the colonial era. The time period greatly influenced the current culture of Hong Kong, often described as
"East meets West",and the educational system, which used to loosely
follow the system in Englanduntil reforms implemented in 2009.
Under the principle of "one country, two systems", Hong Kong
has a different political system from mainland
China. Hong Kong's independent judiciary functions under the common law
framework. The Basic Law of Hong Kong, its constitutional
document, which stipulates that Hong Kong
shall have a "high degree of autonomy" in all matters except foreign
relations and military defence, governs its political system. Although it has a
burgeoning multi-party system, a small-circle electorate
controls half of its legislature. An 800-person Election Committee selects the Chief Executive of Hong Kong, the head
of government.
As one of the world's leading international financial centres,
Hong Kong has a major capitalist service economy characterised by low taxation
and free trade, and the currency, Hong
Kong dollar, is the eighth most traded currency in the world.
The lack of space caused demand for denser constructions, which developed the
city to a centre for modern architecture and the world's most
vertical city. The dense space also led to a highly developed transportation network with public transport
travelling rate exceeding 90 percent, the highest in the world. Hong Kong has numerous high international
rankings in various aspects. For instance, its economic freedom, financial and economic
competitiveness, quality of life, corruption perception, Human Development Index, etc., are all
ranked highly.
Hong
Kong is located on China's south coast, 60 km (37 mi) east of Macau on the opposite
side of the Pearl River Delta. It is surrounded by the South
China Sea on the east, south, and west, and borders the Guangdong city of
Shenzhen to the north over the Shenzhen River. The territory's 1,104 km2
(426 sq mi) area consists of Hong
Kong Island, the Kowloon Peninsula, the New
Territories, and over 200 offshore islands, of which the largest is Lantau
Island. Of the total area, 1,054 km2 (407 sq mi)
is land and 50 km2 (19 sq mi) is inland water. Hong
Kong claims territorial waters to a distance of 3 nautical miles
(5.6 km). Its land area makes Hong Kong the 179th largest
inhabited territory in the world.
Hong
Kong is frequently described as a place where "East meets West",
reflecting the culture's mix of the territory's Chinese roots with influences
from its time as a British colony. Hong Kong balances a modernised way of life
with traditional Chinese practices. Concepts like feng shui
are taken very seriously, with expensive construction projects often hiring
expert consultants, and are often believed to make or break a business. Other
objects like Ba
gua mirrors are still regularly used to deflect evil spirits, and buildings
often lack any floor number that has a 4 in it, due to its
similarity to the word for "die" in Cantonese. The fusion of east and
west also characterises Hong Kong's cuisine, where dim sum, hot pot, and fast food
restaurants coexist with haute cuisine.
Hong Kong's transportation network is
highly developed. Over 90% of daily travels (11 million) are on public
transport, the highest such percentage in the world. Payment can be made using
the Octopus
card, a stored value system introduced by the Mass Transit Railway (MTR),
which is widely accepted on railways, buses and ferries, and accepted like cash
at other outlets.
The city's main railway company (MTR) was merged with the
urban mass transit operator (KCRC) in 2007, creating a
comprehensive rail network for the whole territory (also called MTR). This MTR rapid
transit system has 152 stations, which serve 3.4 million people a day. Hong Kong Tramways, which has served the
territory since 1904, covers the northern parts of Hong Kong Island.
Olympos - Turkey, Asia
The second seaport city of Antalya is Olympos. This ancient city is situated on the southern of Mount Tahtali. Whether coming by sea or land do not miss the Olympos Valley shaded with oleander and laurel shrubs and the refreshing quiet pools of flowing water. The design of the mosaics in the Olympos bath is enhanced by the play of light while a temple gate and a theatre are of interest along with the other walls and towers around the bay which date from the Middle ages.
North of Olympos, up from Cirali Beach, is Yanartas (at a height of 300 mt) where, according to mythology the fire breathing monster, Chimaera, was slain by the Lycian hero Bellerophon who was mounted on his winged horse, Pegasus. Nearby you can see remains from the Byzantines who attached religious importance to the area. Tranquil waters and sandy beaches line the Bay of avus, situated south of Olympos. This enchanting bay is yours for an unforgettable experience of water skiing on glassy water, for discovering the colorful marine life in waters clear enough to see the bottom, or exploring the incredible sea caves on the northern shore.
Olympos is a excellent place for scuba and rock climbing.
Ölüdeniz - Turkey, Asia
Ölüdeniz (literally Dead Sea) is a small resort village in the Fethiye district which is in the Muğla Province the South West coast of Turkey on the Aegean Sea to the south and the high, steep sided Babadağ Mountain, 14 km (9 mi) south of Fethiye. The town is a beach resort.
Ölüdeniz remains one of the most photographed beaches on the Mediterranean. It has a secluded sandy bay at the mouth of Ölüdeniz, on a blue lagoon. The beach itself is a pebble beach. The lagoon is a national nature reserve and building is strictly prohibited. Ölüdeniz is famous for its shades of turquoise and aquamarine, and is an official blue flag beach, and is frequently rated among the top 5 beaches in the world by travelers and tourism journals alike. The resort is also famous for its paragliding opportunities. It is regarded as one of the best places in the world to paraglide due to its unique panoramic views, and the Babadağ Mountain's exceptional height.
Ölüdeniz has a typical Mediterranean Climate. The climate is warm all year round but in the summer most often temperatures increase past 45°C (113°F). In the surrounding area of Ölüdeniz there is a walk that goes up the hills eventually to Olympos called the Lycian Way which is regarded as one of the top ten walks in the world. It is over 500km long.
Amos - Turkey, Asia
The ancient ruins of Amos, located within Kumlu Buku Bay, attract charter yacht visitors with its beautiful landscape and archaeological remains. The ruins run on top of a bluff above the beach and include 4th century BCE walls, inscribed blocks, an altar to Dionysus, a shattered acropolis, temple and amphitheatre. The hike is somewhat strenuous but those who attempt it will be rewarded by a stunning, panoramic view of the bay. On the beach is the Hotel Dionysus which offers dining and another restaurant with superb ice cream crepes. Hidden between the resorts of Turunc and Kumlubuk on the Bozburun peninsula, Amos is a small cove tucked between two headlands. It's a bit rough and ready and the pebbles are scattered with ancient wooden loungers, but there is an unspoilt beauty that makes a stark contrast to the bling and bright lights of Marmaris, which lies across the bay. Amos was once a sizeable Roman settlement and there are some remains, including a small amphitheatre with breathtaking views. Better still, there's an excellent restaurant right on the beach, serving up fresh fish and meze.
Butterfly Valley - Turkey, Asia
Spectacularly
situated between two towering cliffs, Butterfly valley stretches out in a
v-shape, ending in a sweep of pristine beach. Most visitors access the beach by
boat from Olu Deniz or Fethiye, but for adventurous trekkers there is a rocky
path that leads down from the road (around 40 mins down and an hour back
up). There is no electricity, roads or buildings in the valley but
camping is allowed and there are shelters in the trees. Alternatively, stay in
the peaceful hamlet of Faralya and gaze down to the beach, hundreds of feet
below. Butterfly Valley is a great day trip from Oludeniz. It is
home to the unique Jersey Tiger butterfly. Between June and September,
butterflies in thousands of colours and countless varieties can be seen here. This valley is an
interesting canyon with steep cliffs up to 350 meters high and stretches back
from the cove some 3-4 kilometers. To get to Butterfly Valley, you can take a
boat from either Oludeniz or Fethiye. Taxi
boats leave from Ölüdeniz three times a day in both directions - an alternative
for the adventurous and well-shod hiker is to follow the steep and rocky slope
down from the upper rim of the valley, following the footpath from in front of
"George House," on the road to Faralya/Kabak (gauge about 30 min.). Butterfly Valley with it`s untouched nature, most amazing
beach and basic facilities (no electricity, tv or any earthly possesions) -
only a small restaurant and simple beach huts - is a total relaxation
destination.
Maldives beach - India, Asia
Waldorf Astoria Maldives is an exclusive retreat within one of the world’s most exceptional travel destinations. Here, the legendary luxury of Waldorf Astoria Hotels & Resorts is enhanced by nature’s marvels, creating a resort that is both wonderfully indulgent and deeply inspiring. Situated in the northernmost atoll, Waldorf Astoria Maldives offers a world of possibilities that combines local flavor with global sophistication. Travel across the Indian Ocean to arrive at this stunning paradise hideaway, which upholds the highest standards of luxury whilst maintaining genuine Maldivian hospitality, complimented by a rich heritage of service and excellence. Effortlessly chic, Waldorf Astoria Maldives is a true haven for those who appreciate natural beauty and luxurious life.
Boracay Philippines, Asia
Boracay Beach, Boracay, Philippines has become one of the most popular beach destinations in Asia offering boracay packages to approximately 300 plus boracay resorts / hotels ranging from the ultra expensive resorts / hotels to the affordable budget resorts, boracay hotels, boutique hotels, backpacker hotels scattered among many boracay beaches. Boracay Island, Philippines offers many beach activities to make your boracay vacation entertaining but relaxing. Cheapest Boracay Packages can be difficult to find and to choose boracay packages for 300 resorts can prove to be time consuming due to language barrier, inadequate communication equipment, poor directories and more. Let a professional TravelOnline Agent in the Philippines with actual Boracay Island knowledge help you today!
Palawan Island Philippines, Asia
Palawan is the most well preserved major island group in the Philippines. It is also the largest province in the Philippines in terms of land area. The rain forest, caves, coral reefs, mangroves, beaches and clear blue waters are its best assets.
One has to go around the islands of Palawan to see how its people and the local government’s conservation efforts have born fruit.
With almost 2,000 kilometers of coastline, Palawan is known as having one of the most beautiful seascapes in the world. Sprawled beneath the seas are nearly 11,000 square kilometers of coral reefs. Palawan was proclaimed as a fish and wildlife sanctuary in 1967 and to this day, this group of islands is probably the most protected province in the whole Philippines.
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